{"id":4890,"date":"2024-07-30T19:08:08","date_gmt":"2024-07-30T17:08:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/?p=4890"},"modified":"2024-07-30T19:19:56","modified_gmt":"2024-07-30T17:19:56","slug":"pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/","title":{"rendered":"PWD &#8211; n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Digit\u00e1lne platformy (jazda na zavolanie, don\u00e1\u0161ky jedla, a\u00a0pod.) sa stali ob\u013e\u00fabenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed. Digitaliz\u00e1cia v tejto oblasti (hovorovo aj \u201egig economy\u201c) takisto men\u00ed svet pr\u00e1ce &#8211; zlep\u0161uje produktivitu, zvy\u0161uje flexibilitu, ale z\u00e1rove\u0148 prin\u00e1\u0161a ur\u010dit\u00e9 rizik\u00e1, pokia\u013e ide o zamestnanos\u0165 a pracovn\u00e9 podmienky. Digit\u00e1lne platformy \u010dastokr\u00e1t zav\u00e1dzaj\u00fa nov\u00e9 sp\u00f4soby organiz\u00e1cie pr\u00e1ce (vr\u00e1tane tzv. \u201ealgoritmick\u00e9ho riadenia\u201c) alebo vz\u00e1jomn\u00fdch zmluvn\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov (klient vs. pracovn\u00edk vs. platforma), pri\u010dom sa na jednotliv\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov vz\u0165ahuje r\u00f4zna miera kontroly (riadenia) zo strany t\u00fdchto platforiem. Nevyhnutne\u00a0teda Mal(nielen na Slovensku) vznik\u00e1 pr\u00e1vna diskusia o\u00a0pracovnopr\u00e1vnom\/obchodnopr\u00e1vnom statuse t\u00fdchto pracovn\u00edkov (a s\u00a0t\u00fdm s\u00favisiacimi ot\u00e1zkami), resp.\u00a0klasifik\u00e1cie v\u00fdkonu tak\u00fdchto aktiv\u00edt v\u00a0re\u017eime \u201ez\u00e1vislej pr\u00e1ce\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Aj uveden\u00e9ho sa dot\u00fdka navrhovan\u00e1 smernica Eur\u00f3pskeho parlamentu a Rady o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy (\u201e<strong>Smernica<\/strong>\u201c)<a href=\"#_ftn1\" name=\"_ftnref1\">[1]<\/a>. Ide zatia\u013e iba o\u00a0n\u00e1vrh znenia, ktor\u00fd medzi\u010dasom pre\u0161iel prv\u00fdm \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm v\u00a0Eur\u00f3pskom parlamente a\u00a0o\u010dak\u00e1va sa, \u017ee \u010doskoro prejde aj prv\u00fdm \u010d\u00edtan\u00edm Rady.<\/p>\n<p>\u00da\u010delom tohto pr\u00edspevku nie je poskytn\u00fa\u0165 \u010ditate\u013eovi \u00fapln\u00fd preh\u013ead noviniek a povinnost\u00ed t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa digit\u00e1lnych pracovn\u00fdch platforiem (ktor\u00fdch je mnoho). Ni\u017e\u0161ie poskytneme iba z\u00e1kladn\u00fd preh\u013ead v\u00a0tabu\u013eke. Radi by sme ale upozornili na <strong>problematiku klasifik\u00e1cie (pr\u00e1vneho) postavenia os\u00f4b pracuj\u00facich pre platformy<\/strong>. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9 \u2013 kedy bud\u00fa tieto osoby pova\u017eovan\u00e9 za zamestnancov a\u00a0kedy nie?<\/p>\n<p><strong>TERMINOL\u00d3GIA:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Smernica definuje viacer\u00e9 nov\u00e9 pojmy, pri\u010dom je potrebn\u00e9 ozrejmi\u0165 aspo\u0148 z\u00e1kladn\u00e9 (terminol\u00f3gia je mierne \u201ekostrbat\u00e1\u201c).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Digit\u00e1lna pracovn\u00e1 platforma<\/strong> <strong>(<em>Digital Labour Platform<\/em>)<\/strong> predstavuje ka\u017ed\u00fd subjekt poskytuj\u00faci slu\u017ebu, ktor\u00e1 sp\u013a\u0148a <u>v\u0161etky<\/u> nasleduj\u00face po\u017eiadavky:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>poskytuje sa aspo\u0148 \u010diasto\u010dne na dia\u013eku elektronick\u00fdmi prostriedkami, napr. cez webov\u00e9 s\u00eddlo alebo mobiln\u00fa aplik\u00e1ciu;<\/li>\n<li>poskytuje sa na \u017eiados\u0165 pr\u00edjemcu slu\u017eby;<\/li>\n<li>ako nevyhnutn\u00fd a podstatn\u00fd prvok <u>zah\u0155\u0148a organiz\u00e1ciu pr\u00e1ce vykon\u00e1vanej jednotlivcami za platbu<\/u> (tzn. nezah\u0155\u0148a napr. r\u00f4zne platformy inzeruj\u00face ponuky alebo \u017eiadosti o\u00a0slu\u017eby \u2013 napr. pracovn\u00e9 port\u00e1ly, ponuky opotrebovan\u00fdch produktov, a\u00a0pod.) bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di sa t\u00e1to pr\u00e1ca vykon\u00e1va online alebo na ur\u010ditom mieste;<\/li>\n<li>zah\u0155\u0148a pou\u017e\u00edvanie automatizovan\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch alebo rozhodovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>Defin\u00edcia nezah\u0155\u0148a poskytovate\u013eov slu\u017eby, ktorej prim\u00e1rnym \u00fa\u010delom je vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 alebo spolo\u010dne vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 akt\u00edva alebo umo\u017e\u0148ova\u0165 jednotlivcom, <u>ktor\u00ed nie s\u00fa profesion\u00e1lnymi predajcami, \u010falej pred\u00e1va\u0165 tovar<\/u>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Pr\u00e1ca pre platformy (<\/strong><strong><em>Platform Work<\/em><\/strong><strong>) <\/strong>je ak\u00e1ko\u013evek pr\u00e1ca organizovan\u00e1 prostredn\u00edctvom digit\u00e1lnej pracovnej platformy a vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 v E\u00da jednotlivcom na z\u00e1klade zmluvn\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu medzi digit\u00e1lnou pracovnou platformou alebo sprostredkovate\u013eom a jednotlivcom bez oh\u013eadu na to, \u010di existuje zmluvn\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi jednotlivcom alebo sprostredkovate\u013eom a pr\u00edjemcom slu\u017eby. Ide teda o\u00a0\u0161irok\u00fa \u0161k\u00e1lu \u010dinnost\u00ed \u2013 pr\u00e1ca sa m\u00f4\u017ee uskuto\u010d\u0148ova\u0165 v\u00fdlu\u010dne v\u00a0online priestore (typicky tzv. \u201ecrowdwork\u201c platformy poskytuj\u00face pr\u00edstup k\u00a0ve\u013ekej a\u00a0flexibilnej pracovnej sile na \u00fa\u010dely dokon\u010denia men\u0161\u00edch \u00faloh \u2013 napr. ozna\u010dovanie\/\u201etagging\u201c) alebo hybridn\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom sp\u00e1jaj\u00facim online pr\u00e1cu s\u00a0\u010dinnos\u0165ou na fyzickom mieste (hovorovo \u201ephygital work\u201c \u2013 typicky don\u00e1\u0161ka jedla).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Osoba pracuj\u00faca pre platformy<\/strong> <strong>(<em>Person Performing Platform Work \u2013 PPPW<\/em>)<\/strong> je ka\u017ed\u00fd jednotlivec pracuj\u00faci pre platformy <u>bez oh\u013eadu na povahu zmluvn\u00e9ho vz\u0165ahu<\/u> alebo jeho ur\u010denie z\u00fa\u010dastnen\u00fdmi stranami. Je to teda defini\u010dne \u0161irok\u00fd pojem zah\u0155\u0148aj\u00faci v\u0161etk\u00fdch &#8211; ako \u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c zamestnancov, \u201edohod\u00e1rov\u201c, a\u00a0pod., tak aj \u017eivnostn\u00edkov.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>Pracovn\u00edk platformy<\/strong> (<strong><em>Platform Worker<\/em><\/strong><em> <strong>\u2013 PW<\/strong><\/em>) je ka\u017ed\u00e1 osoba pracuj\u00faca pre platformy, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 <u>pracovn\u00fa zmluvu<\/u> alebo <u>sa pova\u017euje za osobu v pracovnopr\u00e1vnom vz\u0165ahu<\/u>, ako sa vymedzuje v pr\u00e1vnych predpisoch, kolekt\u00edvnych zmluv\u00e1ch alebo zau\u017e\u00edvanej praxi platn\u00fdch v \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch, s prihliadnut\u00edm na judikat\u00faru S\u00fadneho dvora. Vid\u00edme teda, \u017ee term\u00edn zah\u0155\u0148a u\u017e iba \u00fazku skupinu os\u00f4b &#8211; \u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c zamestnancov (pri \u201edohod\u00e1roch\u201c je to nateraz mierne nejasn\u00e9, bude potrebn\u00e9 po\u010dka\u0165 na transpoz\u00edciu smernice do Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce) alebo \u201ede facto\u201c zamestnancov (tzn. \u017eivnostn\u00edci re\u00e1lne vykon\u00e1vaj\u00faci z\u00e1visl\u00fa pr\u00e1cu).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00c1KLADN\u00dd PREH\u013dAD PR\u00c1V:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Toto bin\u00e1rne rozl\u00ed\u0161enie (model) pracuj\u00facich jednotlivcov je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 (okrem in\u00e9ho) z\u00a0h\u013eadiska pr\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa t\u00fdmto osob\u00e1m v\u00a0zmysle Smernice priznan\u00e9. Vi\u010f z\u00e1kladn\u00fd preh\u013ead v\u00a0tabu\u013eke ni\u017e\u0161ie. Vo v\u0161eobecnosti mo\u017eno zhrn\u00fa\u0165, \u017ee:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>pracovn\u00edkom platformy (PW) s\u00fa priznan\u00e9 <u>v\u0161etky<\/u> pr\u00e1va t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa transparentnosti a\u00a0n\u00e1pravy (<em>transparency and remedy rights<\/em>) pod\u013ea Smernice (plus samozrejme ostatn\u00e9 soci\u00e1lne a in\u00e9 pr\u00e1va v\u00a0zmysle in\u00fdch eur\u00f3pskych smern\u00edc vz\u0165ahuj\u00facich sa na \u201epracovn\u00edkov\u201c); zatia\u013e \u010do<\/li>\n<li>osob\u00e1m pracuj\u00facim pre platformy (PPPW) s\u00fa priznan\u00e9 <u>len niektor\u00e9<\/u> pr\u00e1va t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa transparentnosti a\u00a0n\u00e1pravy (<em>transparency and remedy rights<\/em>) pod\u013ea Smernice.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"width: 98.868%;\" width=\"614\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\"><strong>Kapitola III &#8211; Algoritmick\u00e9 riadenie<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\"><strong>Platformov\u00ed pracovn\u00edci (PW)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\"><strong>Osoba pracuj\u00faca pre platformy (PPPW)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 7: Obmedzenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa sprac\u00favania osobn\u00fdch \u00fadajov prostredn\u00edctvom automatizovan\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch alebo rozhodovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 8: Pos\u00fadenie vplyvu na ochranu \u00fadajov<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 9: Transparentnos\u0165 automatizovan\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch alebo rozhodovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 10: \u013dudsk\u00fd doh\u013ead nad automatizovan\u00fdmi syst\u00e9mami<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 11: Presk\u00famanie \u010dlovekom<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 12: Bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a ochrana zdravia<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">Nie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 13: Informovanie a konzult\u00e1cie<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">Nie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 14: Informovanie pracovn\u00edkov<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">Nie<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 15: Osobitn\u00e9 opatrenia t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa z\u00e1stupcov os\u00f4b pracuj\u00facich pre platformy in\u00fdch ako z\u00e1stupcovia pracovn\u00edkov platforiem<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 23.4081%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50.5899%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 98.9337%;\" width=\"614\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\"><strong>Kapitola V &#8211; Opravn\u00e9 prostriedky a vyn\u00fatite\u013enos\u0165 pr\u00e1va<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.6993%;\" width=\"104\"><strong>Platformov\u00ed pracovn\u00edci (PW)<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.3251%;\" width=\"123\"><strong>Osoba pracuj\u00faca pre platformy (PPPW)<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 18: Pr\u00e1vny prostriedok n\u00e1pravy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.6993%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.3251%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 19: Postupy v mene alebo na podporu os\u00f4b pracuj\u00facich pre platformy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.6993%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.3251%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 20: Komunika\u010dn\u00e9 kan\u00e1ly pre osoby pracuj\u00face pre platformy<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.6993%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.3251%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 22: Ochrana pred nepriazniv\u00fdm zaobch\u00e1dzan\u00edm alebo nepriazniv\u00fdmi d\u00f4sledkami<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.6993%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.3251%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 61.165%;\" width=\"387\">\u010cl\u00e1nok 23: Ochrana pred prepusten\u00edm<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 19.6993%;\" width=\"104\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 54.3251%;\" width=\"123\">\u00c1no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong><strong>UR\u010cENIE POSTAVENIA A Z\u00c1SADA \u201ePREDNOSTI PODSTATY PRED FORMOU\u201c<\/strong>:<\/p>\n<p>Ako teda ur\u010di\u0165, kedy je osoba pracovn\u00edkom platformy (PW) a\u00a0kedy \u201eiba\u201c osobou pracuj\u00facou pre platformy (PPPW)? U\u00a0t\u00fdch os\u00f4b, ktor\u00e9 maj\u00fa s platformami uzatvoren\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 zmluvy je to jasn\u00e9. Problematick\u00e1 je formul\u00e1cia (pr\u00e1vna domnienka) \u201e<em>alebo <u>sa pova\u017euje za osobu v pracovnopr\u00e1vnom vz\u0165ahu<\/u>, ako sa vymedzuje v pr\u00e1vnych predpisoch..<\/em>.\u201c.<\/p>\n<p>Smernica v\u00a0prvom rade jasne hovor\u00ed, \u017ee ur\u010denie existencie pracovnopr\u00e1vneho vz\u0165ahu m\u00e1 by\u0165 zalo\u017een\u00e9 na \u201eprednosti podstaty pred formou\u201c, tzn. malo by sa riadi\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm skuto\u010dnos\u0165ami t\u00fdkaj\u00facimi sa skuto\u010dn\u00e9ho v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce a\u00a0odme\u0148ovania, pri\u010dom by sa malo zoh\u013ead\u0148ova\u0165 aj pou\u017e\u00edvanie automatizovan\u00fdch monitorovac\u00edch a\u00a0rozhodovac\u00edch syst\u00e9mov pri pr\u00e1ci pre platformy, a <u>nie sp\u00f4sob, ak\u00fdm je vz\u0165ah vymedzen\u00fd v zmluve<\/u>. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9 \u2013 nie je rozhodn\u00e9, \u201e\u010do je na papieri\u201c, ale \u010do plat\u00ed v\u00a0praxi (uveden\u00e9 nie je nijako \u201ekontroverzn\u00e9\u201c, plat\u00ed aj v\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti na Slovensku v\u00a0zmysle kon\u0161tantnej judikat\u00fary).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u00a0<\/strong>V\u00a0p\u00f4vodnom n\u00e1vrhu Smernice od Eur\u00f3pskej Komisie bola t\u00e1to pr\u00e1vna domnienka jasne a explicitne vymedzen\u00e1 tak, \u017ee vz\u0165ah sa pova\u017eoval za pracovn\u00fd vtedy, ke\u010f boli splnen\u00e9 <u>aspo\u0148 dve<\/u> z\u00a0nasleduj\u00facich krit\u00e9ri\u00ed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>faktick\u00e9 stanovenie alebo ur\u010denie hornej hranice v\u00fd\u0161ky odmeny;<\/li>\n<li>po\u017eadovanie od os\u00f4b pracuj\u00facich pre platformu dodr\u017eiavanie pravidiel t\u00fdkaj\u00facich sa vzh\u013eadu, spr\u00e1vania vo\u010di pr\u00edjemcom slu\u017eby alebo v\u00fdkonu pr\u00e1ce;<\/li>\n<li>dozor nad v\u00fdkonom pr\u00e1ce alebo overovanie kvality v\u00fdsledkov pr\u00e1ce, a\u00a0to aj elektronick\u00fdmi prostriedkami (napr. algoritmus);<\/li>\n<li>faktick\u00e9 obmedzovanie slobody, a\u00a0to aj prostredn\u00edctvom sankci\u00ed, pokia\u013e ide o\u00a0organiz\u00e1ciu vlastnej pr\u00e1ce, vo\u013ebu pracovn\u00e9ho \u010dasu alebo obdobia nepr\u00edtomnosti, mo\u017enos\u0165 prijatia alebo odmietnutia \u00falohy alebo vyu\u017eitie subdod\u00e1vate\u013eov alebo n\u00e1hradn\u00edkov;<\/li>\n<li>faktick\u00e9 obmedzenie mo\u017enosti vybudova\u0165 si klientsku z\u00e1klad\u0148u alebo vykon\u00e1va\u0165 pr\u00e1cu pre ak\u00fako\u013evek tretiu stranu (napr. konkuren\u010dn\u00fdmi dolo\u017ekami).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In\u00fdmi slovami, ak by platforma mala kontrolu nad, resp. ur\u010dovala aspo\u0148 dve z\u00a0uveden\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, jednotlivec by bol automaticky (zo z\u00e1kona) pova\u017eovan\u00fd za pracovn\u00edka platformy (PW) a\u00a0bola by to pr\u00e1ve digit\u00e1lna pracovn\u00e1 platforma, ktor\u00e1 by na s\u00fade musela domnienku vyvr\u00e1ti\u0165 (k tomu vi\u010f \u010falej).<\/p>\n<p>Ako tomu u\u017e ale samozrejme b\u00fdva \u2013 eur\u00f3psky legislat\u00edvny proces je zd\u013ahav\u00fd a m\u00e1 svoje delik\u00e1tne \u00faskalia (vr\u00e1tane mo\u017en\u00e9ho lobbingu \u010di prehnan\u00e9ho \u201eochran\u00e1rskeho\u201c aktivizmu). Rada E\u00da nesk\u00f4r po\u017eadovala uplatnenie minim\u00e1lne troch zo siedmich krit\u00e9ri\u00ed. Eur\u00f3psky parlament navrhoval \u00fapln\u00e9 odstr\u00e1nenie krit\u00e9ri\u00ed (ak\u00fdko\u013evek n\u00e1znak subordin\u00e1cie by bol dostato\u010dn\u00fdm znakom na uplatnenie domnienky)<a href=\"#_ftn2\" name=\"_ftnref2\">[2]<\/a>. Od tak\u00e9hoto vymedzenia piatich krit\u00e9ri\u00ed sa teda medzi\u010dasom upustilo, pri\u010dom\u00a0v\u00a0zmysle aktu\u00e1lneho n\u00e1vrhu Smernice zmluvn\u00fd vz\u0165ah medzi digit\u00e1lnou pracovnou platformou a\u00a0osobou pracuj\u00facou pre platformy sa z\u00a0pr\u00e1vneho h\u013eadiska pova\u017euje za pracovnopr\u00e1vny vz\u0165ah, ak sa \u201ezistia <u>skuto\u010dnosti, ktor\u00e9 nazna\u010duj\u00fa kontrolu a riadenie<\/u> v s\u00falade s vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnym pr\u00e1vom, kolekt\u00edvnymi zmluvami alebo zau\u017e\u00edvanou praxou platn\u00fdmi v \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch a s prihliadnut\u00edm na judikat\u00faru S\u00fadneho dvora\u201c. Zjednodu\u0161ene povedan\u00e9 \u2013 <strong>ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t si s\u00e1m ur\u010d\u00ed podmienky, kedy sa jednotlivec bude pova\u017eova\u0165 za pracovn\u00edka platformy (PW) a\u00a0kedy \u201eiba\u201c za osobu pracuj\u00facu pre platformy (PPPW<\/strong> &#8211; tzn. kedy sa ne\/domnienka uplatn\u00ed).<\/p>\n<p>V\u00a0s\u00fa\u010dasnosti je na Slovensku problematika v\u00fdkonu z\u00e1vislej pr\u00e1ce mimo pracovn\u00e9ho pomeru rie\u0161en\u00e1 v\u00a0\u00a7 1, ods. 2 Z\u00e1konn\u00edka pr\u00e1ce, zakotvuj\u00fac celkovo p\u00e4\u0165 normat\u00edvnych krit\u00e9ri\u00ed, ktor\u00fdch (kumulat\u00edvne) naplnenie zaklad\u00e1 v\u00fdkon z\u00e1vislej pr\u00e1ce (vz\u0165ah nadriadenosti a\u00a0podriadenosti, osobn\u00fd v\u00fdkon pr\u00e1ce, v\u00fdkon pod\u013ea pokynov zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea, v\u00a0mene zamestn\u00e1vate\u013ea a\u00a0ur\u010denie pracovn\u00e9ho \u010dasu zamestn\u00e1vate\u013eom). V\u00fdkon z\u00e1vislej pr\u00e1ce je mo\u017en\u00fd len v\u00a0pracovnom pomere (+ v\u00fdnimky). Ak teda osoba sp\u013a\u0148a t\u00fdchto p\u00e4\u0165 podmienok, vykon\u00e1va z\u00e1visl\u00fa pr\u00e1cu a\u00a0teda mus\u00ed ma\u0165 pracovn\u00fa zmluvu (zjednodu\u0161en\u00e9). V\u00a0terminol\u00f3gii Smernice by sme teda povedali, \u017ee \u201e<em>sa pova\u017euje za osobu v pracovnopr\u00e1vnom vz\u0165ahu, ako sa vymedzuje v pr\u00e1vnych predpisoch&#8230;<\/em>\u201c Toto je ale aktu\u00e1lna \u00faprava v\u00a0Z\u00e1konn\u00edku pr\u00e1ce \u2013 ako uveden\u00e9 zmen\u00ed transpoz\u00edcia Smernice, na to si mus\u00edme po\u010dka\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>Pr\u00e1vna domnienka pod\u013ea Smernice (nesk\u00f4r transponovan\u00e1 do n\u00e1\u0161ho pr\u00e1vneho poriadku) sa bude uplat\u0148ova\u0165 vo v\u0161etk\u00fdch pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00fdch <strong>spr\u00e1vnych a\u00a0s\u00fadnych konaniach<\/strong>, v\u00a0ktor\u00fdch ide o\u00a0spr\u00e1vne ur\u010denie postavenia v\u00a0zamestnan\u00ed. Navrhovan\u00e1 Smernica \u010falej d\u00e1va mo\u017enos\u0165 \u010dlensk\u00fdm \u0161t\u00e1tom t\u00fato domnienku uplatni\u0165 aj v\u00a0da\u0148ov\u00fdch a\u00a0trestn\u00fdch konaniach \u010di konaniach oh\u013eadom\u00a0soci\u00e1lneho zabezpe\u010denia (uvid\u00edme, ako zareaguje slovensk\u00fd z\u00e1konodarca).<\/p>\n<p>Smernica takisto definuje aj <strong>r\u00e1mec podporn\u00fdch opatren\u00ed<\/strong>, ktor\u00e9 Slovensk\u00e1 republika bude musie\u0165 prija\u0165 \u2013 napr. vypracova\u0165 vhodn\u00e9 usmernenia a postupy pre digit\u00e1lne pracovn\u00e9 platformy, jednotlivcov \u010di soci\u00e1lnych partnerov, in\u0161pektor\u00e1ty pr\u00e1ce, zabezpe\u010di\u0165 \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fa kontrolu (vr\u00e1tane primeranej odbornej pr\u00edpravy, technick\u00fdch znalost\u00ed&#8230;) a\u00a0pod. Povinnosti vypl\u00fdvaj\u00face zo Smernice by teda nemali \u201eupadn\u00fa\u0165 do zabudnutia\u201c, ale bud\u00fa aj re\u00e1lne vym\u00e1han\u00e9.<\/p>\n<p>Pokia\u013e ide o zmluvn\u00e9 vz\u0165ahy, ktor\u00e9 vznikli pred pl\u00e1novan\u00fdm d\u00e1tumom \u00fa\u010dinnosti Smernice a ktor\u00e9 st\u00e1le k uveden\u00e9mu d\u00e1tumu trvaj\u00fa, pr\u00e1vna domnienka sa m\u00e1 uplat\u0148ova\u0165 len <strong>do bud\u00facna<\/strong>, na obdobie za\u010d\u00ednaj\u00face uveden\u00fdm d\u00e1tumom (tzn. nie sp\u00e4tne).<\/p>\n<p>Ako si mo\u017eno predstavi\u0165 \u2013 ide<strong> o pr\u00e1vnu \u201eoto\u010dku\u201c <\/strong>(na Slovensku ako aj v\u00a0in\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch) <strong>t\u00fdkaj\u00facu sa nazerania na (pracovnopr\u00e1vny\/obchodnopr\u00e1vny) status jednotlivca<\/strong> \u2013 \u201ezo d\u0148a na de\u0148\u201c (po transpoz\u00edcii Smernice) digit\u00e1lne pracovn\u00e9 platformy na Slovensku z\u00edskaj\u00fa desiatky a\u017e tis\u00edce zamestnancov bez toho, aby ktor\u00fdko\u013evek z\u00a0nich podal na s\u00fade \u017ealobu na ur\u010denie existencie pracovn\u00e9ho pomeru, pri\u010dom platformy\u00a0bud\u00fa musie\u0165 na s\u00fade iniciat\u00edvne a\u00a0akt\u00edvne preukazova\u0165 opak (vi\u010f \u010falej).<\/p>\n<p><strong>VYVR\u00c1TENIE PR\u00c1VNEJ DOMNIENKY:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Smernica d\u00e1va mo\u017enos\u0165 digit\u00e1lnej pracovnej platforme vyvr\u00e1ti\u0165 diskutovan\u00fa pr\u00e1vnu domnienku (tzn. tvrdi\u0165 a\u00a0preuk\u00e1za\u0165, \u017ee aj napriek splneniu pr\u00e1vom stanoven\u00fdch krit\u00e9ri\u00ed v\u00a0skuto\u010dnosti nejde o\u00a0pracovn\u00edka platformy \u2013 PW). V\u00a0takomto pr\u00edpade je \u00falohou digit\u00e1lnej pracovnej platformy, <strong>aby preuk\u00e1zala (\u010di u\u017e na s\u00fade alebo pred in\u0161pektor\u00e1tom pr\u00e1ce), \u017ee predmetn\u00fd zmluvn\u00fd vz\u0165ah nie je pracovnopr\u00e1vnym vz\u0165ahom<\/strong>. Digit\u00e1lne pracovn\u00e9 platformy maj\u00fa \u00fapln\u00fd preh\u013ead o v\u0161etk\u00fdch skutkov\u00fdch prvkoch ur\u010duj\u00facich pr\u00e1vnu povahu vz\u0165ahu (tzn. ako funguje vz\u00e1jomn\u00e9 prepojenie so z\u00e1kazn\u00edkmi a\u00a0pracovn\u00edkmi, ako je riaden\u00e1 \u010dinnos\u0165 pracovn\u00edkov, a\u00a0pod.). Preto by v\u00a0zmysle Smernice mali nies\u0165 d\u00f4kazn\u00e9 bremeno, ak tvrdia, \u017ee predmetn\u00fd zmluvn\u00fd vz\u0165ah nie je pracovnopr\u00e1vnym vz\u0165ahom.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Z\u00c1VER:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vzh\u013eadom na povahu novej regul\u00e1cie po jej prijat\u00ed bud\u00fa spolo\u010dnosti sp\u013a\u0148aj\u00face defin\u00edciu digit\u00e1lnej pracovnej platformy musie\u0165 potenci\u00e1lne prehodnoti\u0165 svoj business model a operat\u00edvu, vr\u00e1tane existuj\u00facej pr\u00e1vnej dokument\u00e1cie a\u00a0pripravi\u0165 sa na mo\u017enos\u0165, \u017ee sa z\u00a0\u201ejedn\u00e9ho d\u0148a na druh\u00fd\u201c m\u00f4\u017eu sta\u0165 zamestn\u00e1vate\u013emi viacer\u00fdch fyzick\u00fdch os\u00f4b.<\/p>\n<p>Samozrejme, je potrebn\u00e9 ma\u0165 na pam\u00e4ti, \u017ee Smernica rie\u0161i iba pr\u00e1cu pre platformy. Vy\u0161\u0161ie diskutovan\u00e9 zmeny by sa teda nemali dotkn\u00fa\u0165 akejko\u013evek spolo\u010dnosti vykon\u00e1vaj\u00facej svoju podnikate\u013esk\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165 v\u00a0spolupr\u00e1ci so skuto\u010dn\u00fdmi \u017eivnostn\u00edkmi. \u010ci sa ale slovensk\u00fd z\u00e1konodarca nerozhodne prist\u00fapi\u0165 k\u00a0celkovej unifik\u00e1ci\u00ed ot\u00e1zky v\u00fdkonu z\u00e1vislej pr\u00e1ce mimo pracovn\u00e9ho pomeru (tzn. pokr\u00fdvaj\u00fac ak\u00fdchko\u013evek \u201ede facto\u201c zamestnancov, nie len platformov\u00fdch pracovn\u00edkov &#8211; PW) e\u0161te nevieme. Vec budeme samozrejme sledova\u0165.<\/p>\n<p>\u010co sa t\u00fdka rie\u0161enia problematiky zastret\u00fdch pracovn\u00fdch pomerov v samotnej Smernici &#8211; ka\u017ed\u00fd \u010dlensk\u00fd \u0161t\u00e1t si ur\u010d\u00ed vlastn\u00e9 podmienky posudzovania a\u00a0teda \u0161anca zjednoti\u0165 t\u00fato problematiku na celoeur\u00f3pskej \u00farovni bola \u010diasto\u010dne prem\u00e1rnen\u00e1 (samozrejme, ak\u00e9ko\u013evek dramatick\u00e9 odli\u0161nosti medzi \u010dlensk\u00fdmi \u0161t\u00e1tmi bude st\u00e1le korigova\u0165 judikat\u00fara S\u00fadneho dvora E\u00da). Glob\u00e1lne platformy sa teda bud\u00fa musie\u0165 bli\u017e\u0161ie pozrie\u0165 na jednotliv\u00e9 pr\u00e1vne domnienky pod\u013ea pr\u00e1vnych poriadkov jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dlensk\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1tov, \u010do samozrejme sp\u00f4sob\u00ed vy\u0161\u0161ie n\u00e1klady a\u00a0administrat\u00edvu.<\/p>\n<p>Smernica nadobudne \u00fa\u010dinnos\u0165 dvadsiatym d\u0148om po jej uverejnen\u00ed v\u00a0\u00daradnom vestn\u00edku Eur\u00f3pskej \u00fanie, po \u010dom bud\u00fa ma\u0165 \u010dlensk\u00e9 \u0161t\u00e1ty dva roky odo d\u0148a nadobudnutia \u00fa\u010dinnosti Smernice na jej transpoz\u00edciu do vn\u00fatro\u0161t\u00e1tnych pr\u00e1vnych poriadkov.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>***<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol start=\"29\">\n<li>j\u00fala 2024. T\u00e1to pr\u00e1vna aktualiz\u00e1cia bola vypracovan\u00e1 v\u00fdlu\u010dne pre informa\u010dn\u00e9 \u00fa\u010dely a neobsahuje v\u0161etky komplexn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie. Preto sa ned\u00e1 pova\u017eova\u0165 za pr\u00e1vne poradenstvo. Pre \u010fal\u0161ie inform\u00e1cie alebo poradenstvo t\u00fdkaj\u00face sa navrhovanej Smernice sa nev\u00e1hajte obr\u00e1ti\u0165 na na\u0161ich odborn\u00edkov:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Peter Fedor, advok\u00e1t: peter.fedor@cechova.sk<\/li>\n<li>Arnold Xavier Verhaege, koncipient: arnoldxavier.verhaege@cechova.sk<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> dostupn\u00e1 na: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/seance_pleniere\/textes_adoptes\/definitif\/2024\/04-24\/0330\/P9_TA(2024)0330_SK.pdf\">https:\/\/www.europarl.europa.eu\/RegData\/seance_pleniere\/textes_adoptes\/definitif\/2024\/04-24\/0330\/P9_TA(2024)0330_SK.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> Vi\u010f bli\u017e\u0161ie: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/gig-economy\/news\/eu-policymakers-brace-for-clash-in-thorny-debate-over-platform-workers-status\/\">https:\/\/www.euractiv.com\/section\/gig-economy\/news\/eu-policymakers-brace-for-clash-in-thorny-debate-over-platform-workers-status\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Digit\u00e1lne platformy (jazda na zavolanie, don\u00e1\u0161ky jedla, a\u00a0pod.) sa stali ob\u013e\u00fabenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed. Digitaliz\u00e1cia v tejto oblasti&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"episode_type":"","audio_file":"","cover_image":"","cover_image_id":"","duration":"","filesize":"","date_recorded":"","explicit":"","block":"","itunes_episode_number":"","itunes_title":"","itunes_season_number":"","itunes_episode_type":"","filesize_raw":"","footnotes":""},"categories":["1","2","11","12","20","21","32","33"],"class_list":{"0":"post-4890","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"hentry","6":"category-dalsie-publikacie","8":"category-financial-law-news","9":"category-european-community-law-news","10":"category-aktuality","11":"category-pravne-novinky"},"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>PWD - n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy - \u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"sk_SK\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"PWD - n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy - \u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Digit\u00e1lne platformy (jazda na zavolanie, don\u00e1\u0161ky jedla, a\u00a0pod.) sa stali ob\u013e\u00fabenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed. Digitaliz\u00e1cia v tejto oblasti...\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2024-07-30T17:08:08+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2024-07-30T17:19:56+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"cechova\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Autor\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"cechova\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"14 min\u00faty\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/\",\"name\":\"PWD - n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy - \u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#website\"},\"datePublished\":\"2024-07-30T17:08:08+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2024-07-30T17:19:56+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/0815c9b657126cba96d63fbe4eabd0a8\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/#breadcrumb\"},\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"ReadAction\",\"target\":[\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/\"]}]},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"PWD &#8211; n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy\"}]},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/\",\"name\":\"\u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners\",\"description\":\"Len \u010fal\u0161ia WordPress str\u00e1nka\",\"potentialAction\":[{\"@type\":\"SearchAction\",\"target\":{\"@type\":\"EntryPoint\",\"urlTemplate\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/?s={search_term_string}\"},\"query-input\":{\"@type\":\"PropertyValueSpecification\",\"valueRequired\":true,\"valueName\":\"search_term_string\"}}],\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\"},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/0815c9b657126cba96d63fbe4eabd0a8\",\"name\":\"cechova\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"sk-SK\",\"@id\":\"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1cad393d5bb0ac8c9aaca1e510dfd58f4674fbb2973e6c457f426499b52b67b4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1cad393d5bb0ac8c9aaca1e510dfd58f4674fbb2973e6c457f426499b52b67b4?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"caption\":\"cechova\"}}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"PWD - n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy - \u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"canonical":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/","og_locale":"sk_SK","og_type":"article","og_title":"PWD - n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy - \u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners","og_description":"Digit\u00e1lne platformy (jazda na zavolanie, don\u00e1\u0161ky jedla, a\u00a0pod.) sa stali ob\u013e\u00fabenou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou ka\u017edodenn\u00e9ho \u017eivota v\u00e4\u010d\u0161iny \u013eud\u00ed. Digitaliz\u00e1cia v tejto oblasti...","og_url":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/","og_site_name":"\u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners","article_published_time":"2024-07-30T17:08:08+00:00","article_modified_time":"2024-07-30T17:19:56+00:00","author":"cechova","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_misc":{"Autor":"cechova","Predpokladan\u00fd \u010das \u010d\u00edtania":"14 min\u00faty"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/","url":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/","name":"PWD - n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy - \u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#website"},"datePublished":"2024-07-30T17:08:08+00:00","dateModified":"2024-07-30T17:19:56+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/0815c9b657126cba96d63fbe4eabd0a8"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"sk-SK","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/pwd-navrh-smernice-eu-o-zlepseni-pracovnych-podmienok-v-oblasti-prace-pre-platformy\/#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"PWD &#8211; n\u00e1vrh smernice E\u00da o zlep\u0161en\u00ed pracovn\u00fdch podmienok v oblasti pr\u00e1ce pre platformy"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#website","url":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/","name":"\u010cechov\u00e1 &amp; Partners","description":"Len \u010fal\u0161ia WordPress str\u00e1nka","potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"sk-SK"},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/0815c9b657126cba96d63fbe4eabd0a8","name":"cechova","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"sk-SK","@id":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/#\/schema\/person\/image\/","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1cad393d5bb0ac8c9aaca1e510dfd58f4674fbb2973e6c457f426499b52b67b4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","contentUrl":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/1cad393d5bb0ac8c9aaca1e510dfd58f4674fbb2973e6c457f426499b52b67b4?s=96&d=mm&r=g","caption":"cechova"}}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post\/"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2\/"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments\/?post=4890"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/revisions\/"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4895,"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4890\/revisions\/4895\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/?parent=4890"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.cechova.sk\/sk\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories\/?post=4890"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}